Publicación: UNASUR, auge y declive de una apuesta integradora
Fecha
2025-06-27
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Editor
Red de Investigadores y Gestores en Internacionalización de la Educación Superior de América Latina
Resumen
Resumen: El trabajo tiene como objetivo examinar el auge y declive de UNASUR, a partir de su participación en conflictos políticos regionales, distinguiendo las etapas que atravesó el organismo, en función de los cambios impuestos por la dinámica política regional. Como bloque, UNASUR reúne por primera vez a las 12 naciones suramericanas, intentando lograr una mejor inserción internacional, otorgándole centralidad al Estado, en lo que ha sido llamado regionalismo post-hegemónico. Mediante un diseño cualitativo que incluye entrevistas semiestructuradas, se comenta su ascenso y decaimiento, planteándose la búsqueda de información en fuentes primarias y secundarias, en estas últimas a través de una revisión sistemática de literatura para el período 2008-2022. El trabajo se divide en siete partes: primera, expone consideraciones teóricas sobre el regionalismo suramericano e intereses brasileños; segunda, menciona aspectos sobre la Comunidad de Naciones Suramericanas como antecedente de UNASUR; tercera, aborda elementos del Tratado Constitutivo de UNASUR; cuarta, revisa la literatura académica sobre el tema, estableciendo ocho categorías de abordaje; quinta, sintetiza el desempeño institucional del organismo y su participación en las crisis políticas, distinguiendo tres etapas desde 2008 hasta el presente; sexta, destaca valoraciones ofrecidas por informantes clave; séptima y última, expone conclusiones acerca del rol de UNASUR.
Abstract: The objective of the work is to examine the rise and decline of UNASUR, based on its participation in regional political conflicts, distinguishing the stages that the organization went through, depending on the changes imposed by regional political dynamics. As a UNASUR bloc, it brings together for the first time the 12 South American nations, trying to achieve better international insertion, giving centrality to the State, in what has been called post-hegemonic regionalism. Through a qualitative design that includes semi-structured interviews, its rise and decline are discussed, considering the search for information in primary and secondary sources, in the latter through a systematic review of literature for the period 2008-2022. The work is divided into seven parts: first, it exposes theoretical considerations about South American regionalism and Brazilian interests; second, it mentions aspects about the Community of South American Nations as a precedent for UNASUR; third, it addresses elements of the UNASUR Constitutive Treaty; fourth, reviews the academic literature on the topic, establishing eight categories of approach; fifth, it summarizes the institutional performance of the organization and its participation in political crises, distinguishing three stages from 2008 to the present; sixth, it highlights evaluations offered by key informants; Seventh and last, it presents conclusions about the role of UNASUR.
Abstract: The objective of the work is to examine the rise and decline of UNASUR, based on its participation in regional political conflicts, distinguishing the stages that the organization went through, depending on the changes imposed by regional political dynamics. As a UNASUR bloc, it brings together for the first time the 12 South American nations, trying to achieve better international insertion, giving centrality to the State, in what has been called post-hegemonic regionalism. Through a qualitative design that includes semi-structured interviews, its rise and decline are discussed, considering the search for information in primary and secondary sources, in the latter through a systematic review of literature for the period 2008-2022. The work is divided into seven parts: first, it exposes theoretical considerations about South American regionalism and Brazilian interests; second, it mentions aspects about the Community of South American Nations as a precedent for UNASUR; third, it addresses elements of the UNASUR Constitutive Treaty; fourth, reviews the academic literature on the topic, establishing eight categories of approach; fifth, it summarizes the institutional performance of the organization and its participation in political crises, distinguishing three stages from 2008 to the present; sixth, it highlights evaluations offered by key informants; Seventh and last, it presents conclusions about the role of UNASUR.
Descripción
Palabras clave
UNASUR, SURAMÉRICA, INTEGRACIÓN REGIONAL, CRISIS POLÍTICAS, REGIONALISMO, SOUTH AMERICA, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, POLITICAL CRISES
