Publicación: Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional en mujeres que asisten al Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr. José Penna de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca
Fecha
2013-11
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) es conocida, desde hace años, como una de las complicaciones más frecuentes del embarazo, ya
que puede aumentar el riesgo de sufrir distintas complicaciones a corto y largo plazo tanto en la madre como el feto.
Debe ser en lo posible prevenida, ya que responde, entre otras cosas, al aumento del sobrepeso, obesidad y Diabetes Mellitus (DM); de allí la
importancia de identificar a la población de riesgo para disminuir los peligros asociados a la patología y dar tratamiento correcto y oportuno.
Objetivo: El siguiente trabajo pretende describir a la población con diagnóstico de DMG y establecer la relación existente entre plan de alimentación y control de glucemias posprandiales, así como de índice de masa corporal pregestacional y desarrollo posterior de DMG.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio correlacional, descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal, con 40 mujeres embarazadas de 19 a 40
años de edad, elegidas al azar, con diagnóstico de DMG que concurrieron al Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr. José Penna de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca, durante los meses Abril-Agosto de 2013. Se registraron los datos necesarios para dar respuesta a los objetivos
planteados a partir de las historias clínicas de las pacientes, los automonitoreos semanales de glucemia y la realización de una encuesta sobre ingesta habitual de consumo de alimentos antes y luego de ser diagnosticadas con DMG.
Resultados: Se halló una edad promedio de 28,7±6,8 años y un índice de masa corporal pregestacional de 27,6±5,9 Kg/m2.
El 65 % de las gestantes presentó sobrepeso u obesidad al comienzo del embarazo. El 22,5 % requirió insulina como parte del tratamiento, dentro de las
cuales el 88,8 % logró óptimos controles glucémicos, mientras que las gestantes que no recibieron insulina y obtuvieron adecuados controles
glucémicos representaron el 61,29 %.
Conclusiones: El hecho de encontrar factores de riesgo en elevada proporción en la población estudiada sugiere la importancia de realizar un screening a
todas aquellas gestantes para poder realizar de esta manera, un diagnóstico oportuno de dicha patología. Más de la mitad de las gestantes, tanto con y sin tratamiento insulínico, alcanzaron un 80% de glucemias óptimas durante la semana de evaluación, lo que sugiere resultados altamente positivos.
El sobrepeso y obesidad es un factor de riesgo innegable de DMG por lo que sería necesario diseñar estrategias en el área de atención primaria de la salud.
Background: The Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known, since many years ago, as one of the most common complications of pregnancy, because it may increase the risk of various complications in the short- and long-term for both, mother and fetus. The GDM, if possible, should be prevented because it responds, among others factors, to the increase of overweight, obesity, and Diabetes Mellitus (DM), hence the importance of identifying the population at risk, in order to reduce the hazards associated with the pathology and give them a correct and prompt treatment. Objective: The following report seeks to describe the population diagnosed with GDM and establish the relationship between diet plan and postprandial glycemic control, as well as, and body mass index before pregnancy and subsequent development of GDM. Material and methods: We performed a correlational, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study, with 40 pregnant women 19-40 years of age, randomly selected, diagnosed with GDM who attended the Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Interzonal General Acute Dr José Penna from Bahia Blanca City, during the period from April to August/2013. The necessary data for providing answers to the proposed objectives from the patient records, the weekly self-monitoring of blood glucose and conducting a survey of regular intake of food consumption before and after being diagnosed with GDM. Results: We found a mean age of 28,7±6,8 years and 27,6±5,9 the body mass index before pregnancy. The 65% of pregnant women were overweight or obese in early pregnancy. The 22,5% of women required insulin as part of treatment, among which 88,8% achieved optimal glycemic control, while the rest of the pregnant women who did not receive insulin and got an adequate glycemic control were accounted for 61,29%. Conclusions: The finding of elevated risk factors in the study population ratio suggests the importance of a screening to all those pregnant women to perform in this way, a timely diagnosis of this pathology. More than half of pregnant women, both with and without insulin treatment, reached 80% of optimal blood glucose during the evaluation, suggesting highly positive results. Overweight and obesity is a risk factor for GDM undeniable it would be necessary to design strategies in the area of primary health care.
Background: The Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known, since many years ago, as one of the most common complications of pregnancy, because it may increase the risk of various complications in the short- and long-term for both, mother and fetus. The GDM, if possible, should be prevented because it responds, among others factors, to the increase of overweight, obesity, and Diabetes Mellitus (DM), hence the importance of identifying the population at risk, in order to reduce the hazards associated with the pathology and give them a correct and prompt treatment. Objective: The following report seeks to describe the population diagnosed with GDM and establish the relationship between diet plan and postprandial glycemic control, as well as, and body mass index before pregnancy and subsequent development of GDM. Material and methods: We performed a correlational, descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study, with 40 pregnant women 19-40 years of age, randomly selected, diagnosed with GDM who attended the Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Interzonal General Acute Dr José Penna from Bahia Blanca City, during the period from April to August/2013. The necessary data for providing answers to the proposed objectives from the patient records, the weekly self-monitoring of blood glucose and conducting a survey of regular intake of food consumption before and after being diagnosed with GDM. Results: We found a mean age of 28,7±6,8 years and 27,6±5,9 the body mass index before pregnancy. The 65% of pregnant women were overweight or obese in early pregnancy. The 22,5% of women required insulin as part of treatment, among which 88,8% achieved optimal glycemic control, while the rest of the pregnant women who did not receive insulin and got an adequate glycemic control were accounted for 61,29%. Conclusions: The finding of elevated risk factors in the study population ratio suggests the importance of a screening to all those pregnant women to perform in this way, a timely diagnosis of this pathology. More than half of pregnant women, both with and without insulin treatment, reached 80% of optimal blood glucose during the evaluation, suggesting highly positive results. Overweight and obesity is a risk factor for GDM undeniable it would be necessary to design strategies in the area of primary health care.
Descripción
Palabras clave
DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL, EMBARAZO, NUTRICIÓN, ALIMENTACIÓN
