Publicación: La identidad en una imagen : la queiloscopía en la identificación humana
Fecha
2022-07-15
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Universidad Católica de La Plata. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas
Resumen
La identificación humana consiste en la recopilación de un conjunto de características determinantes en cada individuo y en el ejercicio comparativo de lo que se pretende identificar (Grimaldo, 2010). Es un prerrequisito para certificaciones de muerte y para razones personales, sociales y legales. Utiliza principios científicos, como registros dentales, huellas dactilares, estimación de la edad, diferenciación por grupos sanguíneos y comparaciones de ADN. Este último resulta bastante exacto según la literatura, pero presenta como desventaja el costo, por lo que resulta en ocasiones inaccesible. Los fundamentos de identidad de la queiloscopía han sido equivalentes a los descritos para la dactiloscopía. Las huellas labiales son únicas, invariables, permanentes, y permiten establecer una clasificación; no cambian a lo largo de la vida de la persona, salvo las modificaciones propias de la edad, referidas al tamaño de la huella, amplitud y grosor de los labios (Sims & Whittaker, 1989). Las mencionadas características han posibilitado construir una clasificación de ellas. La mucosa labial presenta diferentes surcos que generan lo que se denomina dibujo labial. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la característica de individualidad de ese dibujo labial. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a partir de la lectura de imágenes tomadas a una muestra de individuos. Las variables estudiadas fueron «labio superior» y «labio inferior», un muestreo aleatorio simple en el espacio con un nivel de confianza del 95 %; una proporción esperada de 0,5; precisión: 0,03 (3 % de error); donde n = 600. La edad mínima fue 21, y la máxima, 80; promedio: 40,93; modo: 37, y mediana: 36 años. No se hallaron dos imágenes con el mismo dibujo labial. De la muestra procesada, se puede concluir que, en los sujetos participantes, las huellas labiales resultaron únicas e irrepetibles.
Human identification consists of the collection of a set of defining characteristics in each individual and the comparative exercise of those to be identified. It is a prerequisite for death certifications and for personal, social, and legal reasons (Grimaldo, 2010). It uses scientific principles such as dental records, fingerprints, age estimation, blood group differentiation, and DNA comparisons. The latter is fairly accurate according to the literature, but has the disadvantage of cost and is sometimes inaccessible. The identity fundamentals of cheiloscopy have been equivalent to those described for dactyloscopy. Lip prints are unique, unchanging, permanent, and allow for classification; They do not change throughout a person’s life, except for age-related changes in size of the print, width and thickness of the lips (Sims & Whittaker, 1989). The aforementioned characteristics have made it possible to construct a classification of these characteristics. The aim of the present work is to determine the individuality characteristic of lip prints. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing images taken from a sample of individuals. The variables studied were “upper lip” and “lower lip”, a simple random sampling in space with a confidence level of 95 %; an expected proportion of 0.5; precision: 0.03 (3 % error); n= 600. The minimum age was 21 and maximum was 80; average: 40.93, mode: 37 and median: 36 years. No two images were found with the same lip pattern. From the processed sample it can be concluded that in the participating subjects lip prints were unique and unrepeatable.
Human identification consists of the collection of a set of defining characteristics in each individual and the comparative exercise of those to be identified. It is a prerequisite for death certifications and for personal, social, and legal reasons (Grimaldo, 2010). It uses scientific principles such as dental records, fingerprints, age estimation, blood group differentiation, and DNA comparisons. The latter is fairly accurate according to the literature, but has the disadvantage of cost and is sometimes inaccessible. The identity fundamentals of cheiloscopy have been equivalent to those described for dactyloscopy. Lip prints are unique, unchanging, permanent, and allow for classification; They do not change throughout a person’s life, except for age-related changes in size of the print, width and thickness of the lips (Sims & Whittaker, 1989). The aforementioned characteristics have made it possible to construct a classification of these characteristics. The aim of the present work is to determine the individuality characteristic of lip prints. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing images taken from a sample of individuals. The variables studied were “upper lip” and “lower lip”, a simple random sampling in space with a confidence level of 95 %; an expected proportion of 0.5; precision: 0.03 (3 % error); n= 600. The minimum age was 21 and maximum was 80; average: 40.93, mode: 37 and median: 36 years. No two images were found with the same lip pattern. From the processed sample it can be concluded that in the participating subjects lip prints were unique and unrepeatable.
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Palabras clave
ODONTOLOGÍA FORENSE, HUELLAS LABIALES, IDENTIFICACIÓN HUMANA, FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY, LIP PRINTS, HUMAN IDENTIFICACTION
